Smokers with Estrogen-related Gene Variations Are at Higher Risk of Developing Lupus, Study Reports

Smokers who have certain variations of the estrogen-related ESR1 gene are at higher risk of developing lupus, a study suggests. The research, “Estrogen receptor alpha gene (ESR1) polymorphism and its interaction with smoking and drinking contribute to susceptibility of systemic lupus erythematosus,” was published in the journal…

SLE Pathology and the Role of the Female Hormone Estrogen Spotlighted

The role of the female hormone estrogen in two predominantly female autoimmune diseases — multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus — is the focus of a recent review study, “The Immune System Is a Natural Target for Estrogen Action: Opposing Effects of Estrogen in Two Prototypical Autoimmune Diseases.” The…